=====Submitting Jobs to the Slurm Workload Manager=====
All Limulus HPC systems use a workflow (user job) scheduler called [[https://slurm.schedmd.com/|Slurm]]. The purpose of the workflow scheduler is to distribute user programs across the cluster based on the amount of resources needed by each job, since the amount of user programs may exceed the amount of resources. For example, if each program needs one core and the cluster has 32 cores, then running more than 32 programs will oversubscribe the cluster resources. To manage a possible over-subscribed situation, the workflow scheduler will place all jobs in a //work queue// and run jobs (empty the queue) with a first-in then first-out scheduling policy. (The scheduling policy can be modified to use priorities, etc.)
====Job Submission Tutorial====
The following example will submit a single job to the Slurm workflow scheduler. The user is logged into the headnode.
The first step is to create a simple program called ''hello-world.c'' (the classic example program).
Use an editor and create (copy-and-paste) a file with the following simple code.
#include
int main() {
printf("Hello, World!");
return 0;
}
Next compile the program to make a binary called ''hello-world'' and test to see that it works.
$ gcc hello-world.c -o hello-world
$ ./hello-world
Hello, World!
As a user you could run this on the head (login) node of the cluster, however, it is not a good thing to do if there are many users or other programs running together on the head node. (On some clusters, user applications running on the head node are automatically killed after a certain number of minutes.)
To run the ''hello-world'' program through Slurm, a "submit script" must be created. Using an editor, create a file called ''first-slurm-job.sh'' and copy and paste the following into the file.
#!/bin/bash
# Even thought these look like comments they are actually variables used by Slurm
#SBATCH -J first-job # Job name
#SBATCH -o first-slurm-job.%j.out # Name of unique stdout output file (%j expands to jobId)
#SBATCH -N 1 # Total number of nodes requested
#SBATCH -n 1 # Total number of mpi tasks requested
#SBATCH -t 01:30:00 # Run time (hh:mm:ss) - 1.5 hours
# This file is an example Slurm submission script. It resembles a bash script
# and is actually interpreted as such. Thus basic shell commands can be executed
# with the results captured in the output file.
echo "First Slurm Job"
# run system binary files
date
uptime
# run your binary file, with the use of "./" indicating "this directory"
./hello-world
echo -n " from cluster node "
hostname
#take a short nap
sleep 20
The ''first-slurm-job.sh'' is a bash script file that tells Slurm how to run the program. The ''#SBATCH'' lines
are not comments, but are actually directives telling Slurm how to run the applications. The directives are self-explanatory except for the output file name. Since each program submitted to Slurm will produce a unique output that can be viewed at a later time, the output file has a ''%j'' in the name. Slurm will substitute the job number for this variable, creating a unique file. (Slurm assigns every job submitted to the queue a unique job number, starting at 1 and incrementing with each new submission.)
To run the program using Slurm simply enter:
$ sbatch first-slurm-job.sh
Slurm will reply with a job number:
Submitted batch job 661
The work queue can be examined using the ''squeue'' command:
$ squeue
JOBID PARTITION NAME USER ST TIME NODES NODELIST(REASON)
661 normal first-jo testing R 0:04 1 headnode
If the job (in this case job number 661) is finished, then it will not be listed in the work queue. As mentioned, the job output will be placed in a file called ''first-slurm-job.661.out'' and should look similar to the following.
First Slurm Job
Wed Jul 1 09:55:42 EDT 2020
09:55:42 up 8 days, 18:42, 4 users, load average: 0.06, 0.04, 0.00
Hello, World! from cluster node headnode
There are a few points to note about the above process.
First, the ''hostname'' command in the script prints the node name where the job was run. Limulus nodes have the following names: ''headnode'', ''n0'', ''n1'', ''n2''. (The double-wide units go to ''n6''.) In this case, the job was run on the head node because some of its cores are included in the Slurm resources (this setting is adjustable). If six jobs are submitted at the same time then the "overflow" work will be placed on the nodes. For example:
$ sbatch first-slurm-job.sh ; sbatch first-slurm-job.sh; sbatch first-slurm-job.sh; sbatch first-slurm-job.sh; sbatch first-slurm-job.sh; sbatch first-slurm-job.sh
Submitted batch job 663
Submitted batch job 664
Submitted batch job 665
Submitted batch job 666
Submitted batch job 667
Submitted batch job 668
Checking ''squeue'' indicates that the first four jobs were assigned to the headnode and the next two were assigned to node ''n0''.
$ squeue
JOBID PARTITION NAME USER ST TIME NODES NODELIST(REASON)
663 normal first-jo testing R 0:04 1 headnode
664 normal first-jo testing R 0:04 1 headnode
665 normal first-jo testing R 0:04 1 headnode
666 normal first-jo testing R 0:04 1 headnode
667 normal first-jo testing R 0:04 1 n0
668 normal first-jo testing R 0:04 1 n0
If the output file from job 668 is inspected, the line ''Hello, World! from cluster node n0'' indicates that the job was run on ''n0''.
Second, any program errors are sent to the output file. Slurm does not care what you run or whether it works, it basically will run the job when resources are available and report the results.
Finally, jobs that run on Slurm can request multiple cores on a single node or spread them across multiple nodes. (See the [[compiling_and_running_an_mpi_application|Compiling and Running an MPI Application]] section.) It can also be configured so that programs must request an amount of memory per node so that any memory contention issues can be avoided. As indicated above, the amount of run time is requested, after which Slurm will kill your job. Slurm can be configured to set priorities based on the user or the type and amount of resources required.